United States congressional delegations from Connecticut
From Ballotpedia
Connecticut
Census Topic | Value |
---|---|
Population | 3,605,944 |
Gender |
49% Male 51% Female |
Race |
66.4% White 10.8% Black 4.8% Asian 0.4% Native American 0% Pacific Islander |
Ethnicity | 17.3% Hispanic |
Median household income | $90,213 |
High school graduation rate | 91.3% |
College graduation rate | 41.4% |
Upcoming elections |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 census and 2022 ACS data. Percentages are rounded to the nearest 0.1%.
This page displays the current and historical members of U.S. Congress from Connecticut.
Here is the current partisan breakdown of the congressional members from Connecticut.
Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Connecticut | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
Democratic | 2 | 5 | 7 |
Republican | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 5 | 7 |
Current members
U.S. Senate
- See also: Classes of United States Senators
- See also: Classes of United States Senators
The current members of the U.S. Senate from Connecticut are:
Office | Name | Party | Date assumed office | Date term ends |
---|---|---|---|---|
U.S. Senate Connecticut | Richard Blumenthal | Democratic | January 3, 2011 | January 3, 2029 |
U.S. Senate Connecticut | Christopher S. Murphy | Democratic | January 3, 2013 | January 3, 2025 |
U.S. House
The current members of the U.S. House from Connecticut are:
Office | Name | Party | Date assumed office | Date term ends |
---|---|---|---|---|
U.S. House Connecticut District 1 | John Larson | Democratic | January 3, 1999 | January 3, 2025 |
U.S. House Connecticut District 2 | Joe Courtney | Democratic | January 3, 2007 | January 3, 2025 |
U.S. House Connecticut District 3 | Rosa L. DeLauro | Democratic | January 3, 1991 | January 3, 2025 |
U.S. House Connecticut District 4 | Jim Himes | Democratic | January 3, 2009 | January 3, 2025 |
U.S. House Connecticut District 5 | Jahana Hayes | Democratic | January 3, 2019 | January 3, 2025 |
Historical members
U.S. Senate
Historical Representation to the U.S. Senate by Party from Connecticut | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Total | |||
Democratic | 16 | |||
Republican | 18 | |||
Independent | 1 | |||
Pro-Admin | 3 | |||
Federalist | 6 | |||
Jacksonian | 1 | |||
Anti-Jacksonian | 2 | |||
Whig | 4 | |||
Free Soil | 1 | |||
Democratic-Republican | 2 | |||
Adams, Anti-Jacksonian | 2 | |||
Pro-Admin, Federalist | 1 |
Class 1 Senators from Connecticut | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Years Served | Party | ||||||
Oliver Ellsworth | 1789-1796 | Pro-Admin, Federalist | ||||||
James Hillhouse | 1796-1810 | Federalist | ||||||
Samuel W. Dana | 1810-1821 | Federalist | ||||||
Elijah Boardman | 1821-1823 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Henry W. Edwards | 1823-1827 | Jacksonian | ||||||
Samuel A. Foot | 1827-1833 | Adams, Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Nathan Smith | 1833-1835 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
John M. Niles | 1835-1839 | Democratic | ||||||
Thaddeus Betts | 1839-1840 | Whig | ||||||
Jabez W. Huntington | 1840-1847 | Whig | ||||||
Roger S. Baldwin | 1847-1851 | Whig | ||||||
Isaac Toucey | 1852-1857 | Democratic | ||||||
James Dixon | 1857-1869 | Republican | ||||||
William A. Buckingham | 1869-1875 | Republican | ||||||
William W. Eaton | 1875-1881 | Democratic | ||||||
Joseph R. Hawley | 1881-1905 | Republican | ||||||
Morgan G. Bulkeley | 1905-1911 | Republican | ||||||
George P. McLean | 1911-1929 | Republican | ||||||
Frederic C. Walcott | 1929-1935 | Republican | ||||||
Francis T. Maloney | 1935-1945 | Democratic | ||||||
Thomas C. Hart | 1945-1946 | Republican | ||||||
Raymond E. Baldwin | 1946-1949 | Republican | ||||||
William Benton | 1949-1953 | Democratic | ||||||
William A. Purtell | 1953-1959 | Republican | ||||||
Thomas J. Dodd | 1959-1971 | Democratic | ||||||
Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. | 1971-1989 | Republican | ||||||
Joe Lieberman | 1989-2013 | Independent | ||||||
Christopher S. Murphy | 2013-present | Democratic |
Class 3 Senators from Connecticut | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Years Served | Party | ||||||
William S. Johnson | 1789-1791 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Roger Sherman | 1791-1793 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Stephen M. Mitchell | 1793-1795 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. | 1795-1796 | Federalist | ||||||
Uriah Tracy | 1796-1807 | Federalist | ||||||
Chauncey Goodrich | 1807-1813 | Federalist | ||||||
David Daggett | 1813-1819 | Federalist | ||||||
James Lanman | 1819-1825 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Calvin Willey | 1825-1831 | Adams, Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Gideon Tomlinson | 1831-1837 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Perry Smith | 1837-1843 | Democratic | ||||||
John M. Niles | 1843-1849 | Democratic | ||||||
Truman Smith | 1849-1854 | Whig | ||||||
Francis Gillette | 1854-1855 | Free Soil | ||||||
Lafayette S. Foster | 1855-1867 | Republican | ||||||
Orris S. Ferry | 1867-1875 | Republican | ||||||
James E. English | 1875-1876 | Democratic | ||||||
William H. Barnum | 1876-1879 | Democratic | ||||||
Orville H. Platt | 1879-1905 | Republican | ||||||
Frank B. Brandegee | 1905-1924 | Republican | ||||||
Hiram Bingham | 1924-1933 | Republican | ||||||
Augustine Lonergan | 1933-1939 | Democratic | ||||||
John A. Danaher | 1939-1945 | Republican | ||||||
Brien McMahon | 1945-1952 | Democratic | ||||||
William A. Purtell | 1952-1952 | Republican | ||||||
Prescott S. Bush | 1952-1963 | Republican | ||||||
Abraham A. Ribicoff | 1963-1981 | Democratic | ||||||
Christopher J. Dodd | 1981-2011 | Democratic | ||||||
Richard Blumenthal | 2011-Present | Democratic |
U.S. House
2000s
Historical Representation to the U.S. House by Party in the 2000s from Connecticut | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Total | |||
Democratic | 5 | |||
Republican | 1 | |||
Total Representatives | 6 |
Representatives to the U.S. House from Connecticut | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Years Served | Party | ||||||
Rob Simmons | 2001–2007 | Republican | ||||||
Joe Courtney | 2007–present | Democratic | ||||||
Jim Himes | 2009–present | Democratic | ||||||
Christopher S. Murphy | 2007–2013 | Democratic | ||||||
Elizabeth Esty | 2013–2019 | Democratic | ||||||
Jahana Hayes | 2019–present | Democratic |
1900s
Historical Representation to the U.S. House by Party in the 1900s from Connecticut | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Total | |||
Democratic | 45 | |||
Republican | 43 | |||
Total Representatives | 88 |
Representatives to the U.S. House from Connecticut | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Years Served | Party | ||||||
Frank B. Brandegee | 1902–1905 | Republican | ||||||
George L. Lilley | 1903–1909 | Republican | ||||||
Edwin W. Higgins | 1905–1913 | Republican | ||||||
John Q. Tilson | 1909–1913 | Republican | ||||||
Thomas L. Reilly | 1911–1915 | Democratic | ||||||
Jeremiah Donovan | 1913–1915 | Democratic | ||||||
William Kennedy | 1913–1915 | Democratic | ||||||
Augustine Lonergan | 1913–1915 | Democratic | ||||||
Bryan F. Mahan | 1913–1915 | Democratic | ||||||
P. Davis Oakey | 1915–1917 | Republican | ||||||
Ebenezer J. Hill | 1915–1917 | Republican | ||||||
James P. Glynn | 1915–1923 | Republican | ||||||
John Q. Tilson | 1915–1932 | Republican | ||||||
Richard P. Freeman | 1915–1933 | Republican | ||||||
Augustine Lonergan | 1917–1921 | Democratic | ||||||
Schuyler Merritt | 1917–1931 and 1933-1935 | Republican | ||||||
E. Hart Fenn | 1921–1931 | Republican | ||||||
Patrick B. O'Sullivan | 1923–1925 | Democratic | ||||||
James P. Glynn | 1925–1930 | Republican | ||||||
Edward W. Goss | 1930–1935 | Republican | ||||||
William L. Tierney | 1931–1933 | Democratic | ||||||
Augustine Lonergan | 1931–1933 | Democratic | ||||||
Charles M. Bakewell | 1933–1935 | Republican | ||||||
Francis T. Maloney | 1933–1935 | Democratic | ||||||
William L. Higgins | 1933–1937 | Republican | ||||||
Herman P. Kopplemann | 1933–1939 | Democratic | ||||||
William M. Citron | 1935–1939 | Democratic | ||||||
J. Joseph Smith | 1935–1941 | Democratic | ||||||
James A. Shanley | 1935–1943 | Democratic | ||||||
Alfred N. Phillips | 1937–1939 | Democratic | ||||||
William J. Fitzgerald | 1937–1939 and 1941-1943 | Democratic | ||||||
Thomas R. Ball | 1939–1941 | Republican | ||||||
Albert E. Austin | 1939–1941 | Republican | ||||||
B. J. Monkiewicz | 1939–1941 | Republican | ||||||
William J. Miller | 1939–1941, 1943-1945 and 1947-1949 | Republican | ||||||
Lucien J. Maciora | 1941–1943 | Democratic | ||||||
Herman P. Kopplemann | 1941–1943 | Democratic | ||||||
Le Roy D. Downs | 1941–1943 | Democratic | ||||||
Joseph E. Talbot | 1942–1947 | Republican | ||||||
John D. McWilliams | 1943–1945 | Republican | ||||||
Ranulf Compton | 1943–1945 | Republican | ||||||
B. J. Monkiewicz | 1943–1945 | Republican | ||||||
Clare B. Luce | 1943–1947 | Republican | ||||||
James P. Geelan | 1945–1947 | Democratic | ||||||
Joseph F. Ryter | 1945–1947 | Democratic | ||||||
Herman P. Kopplemann | 1945–1947 | Democratic | ||||||
Chase G. Woodhouse | 1945–1947 and 1949-1951 | Democratic | ||||||
Ellsworth B. Foote | 1947–1949 | Republican | ||||||
Horace Seely-Brown, Jr. | 1947–1949, 1951-1959 and 1961-1963 | Republican | ||||||
John D. Lodge | 1947–1951 | Republican | ||||||
James T. Patterson | 1947–1959 | Republican | ||||||
Antoni N. Sadlak | 1947–1959 | Republican | ||||||
John A. McGuire | 1949–1953 | Democratic | ||||||
Abraham A. Ribicoff | 1949–1953 | Democratic | ||||||
Albert P. Morano | 1951–1959 | Republican | ||||||
Thomas J. Dodd | 1953–1957 | Democratic | ||||||
Albert W. Cretella | 1953–1959 | Republican | ||||||
Edwin H. May, Jr. | 1957–1959 | Republican | ||||||
Chester Bowles | 1959–1961 | Democratic | ||||||
Donald J. Irwin | 1959–1961 and 1965-1969 | Democratic | ||||||
Frank Kowalski | 1959–1963 | Democratic | ||||||
Emilio Q. Daddario | 1959–1971 | Democratic | ||||||
John S. Monagan | 1959–1973 | Democratic | ||||||
Robert N. Giaimo | 1959–1981 | Democratic | ||||||
Abner W. Sibal | 1961–1965 | Republican | ||||||
Bernard F. Grabowski | 1963–1967 | Democratic | ||||||
William L. St. Onge | 1963–1970 | Democratic | ||||||
Thomas J. Meskill | 1967–1971 | Republican | ||||||
Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. | 1969–1971 | Republican | ||||||
Robert H. Steele | 1970–1975 | Republican | ||||||
Ella T. Grasso | 1971–1975 | Democratic | ||||||
William R. Cotter | 1971–1981 | Democratic | ||||||
Stewart McKinney | 1971–1987 | Republican | ||||||
Ronald A. Sarasin | 1973–1979 | Republican | ||||||
Christopher Dodd | 1975–1981 | Democratic | ||||||
Toby Moffett | 1975–1983 | Democratic | ||||||
William R. Ratchford | 1979–1985 | Democratic | ||||||
Lawrence Joseph DeNardis | 1981–1983 | Republican | ||||||
Sam Gejdenson | 1981–2001 | Democratic | ||||||
Barbara B. Kennelly | 1982–1999 | Democratic | ||||||
Bruce Morrison | 1983–1991 | Democratic | ||||||
Nancy L. Johnson | 1983–2007 | Republican | ||||||
John G. Rowland | 1985–1991 | Republican | ||||||
Christopher Shays | 1987–2009 | Republican | ||||||
Gary Franks | 1991–1997 | Republican | ||||||
Rosa L. DeLauro | 1991–present | Democratic | ||||||
James H. Maloney | 1997–2003 | Democratic | ||||||
John B. Larson | 1999–present | Democratic |
1800s
Historical Representation to the U.S. House by Party in the 1800s from Connecticut | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Total | |||
Democratic | 35 | |||
Republican | 25 | |||
Federalist | 17 | |||
Democratic-Republican | 10 | |||
Anti-Jacksonian | 15 | |||
Adams | 1 | |||
Jacksonian | 3 | |||
Whig | 11 | |||
Free Soil | 1 | |||
American | 1 | |||
Total Representatives | 119 |
Representatives to the U.S. House from Connecticut | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Years Served | Party | ||||||
John Cotton Smith | 1800–1806 | Federalist | ||||||
Elias Perkins | 1801–1803 | Federalist | ||||||
Calvin Goddard | 1801–1805 | Federalist | ||||||
Benjamin Tallmadge | 1801–1817 | Federalist | ||||||
Simeon Baldwin | 1803–1805 | Federalist | ||||||
Lewis B. Sturges | 1805–1817 | Federalist | ||||||
Timothy Pitkin | 1805–1819 | Federalist | ||||||
Jonathan O. Moseley | 1805–1821 | Federalist | ||||||
Theodore Dwight | 1806–1807 | Federalist | ||||||
Epaphroditus Champion | 1807–1817 | Federalist | ||||||
Ebenezer Huntington | 1810–1811 and 1817-1819 | Federalist | ||||||
Lyman Law | 1811–1817 | Federalist | ||||||
Uriel Holmes | 1817–1818 | Federalist | ||||||
Nathaniel Terry | 1817–1819 | Federalist | ||||||
Thomas Scott Williams | 1817–1819 | Federalist | ||||||
Samuel B. Sherwood | 1817–1819 | Federalist | ||||||
Sylvester Gilbert | 1818–1819 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
James Stevens | 1819–1821 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Samuel A. Foot | 1819–1821 | Federalist | ||||||
Elisha Phelps | 1819–1821 and 1825-1829 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
John Russ | 1819–1823 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Henry W. Edwards | 1819–1823 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Gideon Tomlinson | 1819–1827 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Daniel Burrows | 1821–1823 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Ebenezer Stoddard | 1821–1825 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Noyes Barber | 1821–1825 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Ansel Sterling | 1821–1825 | Democratic-Republican | ||||||
Lemuel Whitman | 1823–1825 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
John Baldwin | 1825–1829 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Orange Merwin | 1825–1829 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Ralph I. Ingersoll | 1825–1833 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Noyes Barber | 1825–1835 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Elisha Phelps | 1825–1929 | Adams | ||||||
David Plant | 1827–1829 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
William L. Storrs | 1829–1833 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Jabez W. Huntington | 1829–1834 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
William W. Ellsworth | 1829–1834 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Ebenezer Young | 1829–1835 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Samuel A. Foot | 1833–1834 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Joseph Trumbull | 1833–1835 and 1839-1843 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Ebenezer Jackson, Jr. | 1834–1835 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Samuel Tweedy | 1834–1835 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Phineas Miner | 1834–1835 | Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||
Zalmon Wildman | 1835 | Jacksonian | ||||||
Andrew T. Judson | 1835–1836 | Jacksonian | ||||||
Elisha Haley | 1835–1839 | Democratic | ||||||
Lancelot Phelps | 1835–1839 | Democratic | ||||||
Isaac Toucey | 1835–1839 | Democratic | ||||||
Orrin Holt | 1836–1839 | Democratic | ||||||
Thomas T. Whittlesey | 1836–1839 | Jacksonian | ||||||
Samuel Ingham | 1837–1839 | Democratic | ||||||
William L. Storrs | 1839–1840 | Whig | ||||||
Thomas W. Williams | 1839–1843 | Whig | ||||||
Thomas B. Osborne | 1839–1843 | Whig | ||||||
John H. Brockway | 1839–1843 | Whig | ||||||
Truman Smith | 1839–1843 and 1845-1849 | Whig | ||||||
William W. Boardman | 1840–1843 | Whig | ||||||
George S. Catlin | 1843–1845 | Democratic | ||||||
Samuel Simons | 1843–1845 | Democratic | ||||||
Thomas H. Seymour | 1843–1845 | Democratic | ||||||
John Stewart | 1843–1845 | Democratic | ||||||
James Dixon | 1845–1849 | Whig | ||||||
John A. Rockwell | 1845–1849 | Whig | ||||||
Thomas B. Butler | 1849–1851 | Whig | ||||||
Walter Booth | 1849–1851 | Free Soil | ||||||
Loren P. Waldo | 1849–1851 | Democratic | ||||||
Chauncey F. Cleveland | 1849–1853 | Democratic | ||||||
Charles Chapman | 1851–1853 | Whig | ||||||
Colin M. Ingersoll | 1851–1855 | Democratic | ||||||
Origen S. Seymour | 1851–1855 | Democratic | ||||||
James T. Pratt | 1853–1855 | Democratic | ||||||
Nathan Belcher | 1853–1855 | Democratic | ||||||
William W. Welch | 1855–1857 | American | ||||||
Ezra Clark, Jr. | 1855–1859 | Republican | ||||||
Sidney Dean | 1855–1859 | Republican | ||||||
William D. Bishop | 1857–1859 | Democratic | ||||||
Samuel Arnold | 1857–1859 | Democratic | ||||||
Orris S. Ferry | 1859–1861 | Republican | ||||||
John Woodruff | 1859–1861 | Republican | ||||||
Alfred A. Burnham | 1859–1863 | Republican | ||||||
Dwight Loomis | 1859–1863 | Republican | ||||||
George C. Woodruff | 1861–1863 | Democratic | ||||||
James E. English | 1861–1865 | Democratic | ||||||
John H. Hubbard | 1863–1867 | Republican | ||||||
Henry C. Deming | 1863–1867 | Republican | ||||||
Augustus Brandegee | 1863–1867 | Republican | ||||||
Samuel L. Warner | 1865–1867 | Republican | ||||||
Richard D. Hubbard | 1867–1869 | Democratic | ||||||
Julius Hotchkiss | 1867–1869 | Democratic | ||||||
Samuel D. Hubbard | 1867–1869 | Whig | ||||||
Henry H. Starkweather | 1867–1876 | Republican | ||||||
William H. Barnum | 1867–1876 | Democratic | ||||||
Julius L. Strong | 1869–1872 | Republican | ||||||
Stephen W. Kellogg | 1869–1875 | Republican | ||||||
Joseph R. Hawley | 1872–1875 | Republican | ||||||
George M. Landers | 1875–1879 | Democratic | ||||||
James Phelps | 1875–1883 | Democratic | ||||||
Levi Warner | 1876–1879 | Democratic | ||||||
John T. Wait | 1876–1887 | Republican | ||||||
Joseph R. Hawley | 1879–1881 | Republican | ||||||
Frederick Miles | 1879–1883 | Republican | ||||||
John R. Buck | 1881–1883 | Republican | ||||||
William W. Eaton | 1883–1885 | Democratic | ||||||
Edward W. Seymour | 1883–1887 | Democratic | ||||||
Charles Le Moyne Mitchell | 1883–1987 | Democratic | ||||||
John R. Buck | 1885–1987 | Republican | ||||||
Carlos French | 1887–1889 | Democratic | ||||||
Robert J. Vance | 1887–1889 | Democratic | ||||||
Miles T. Granger | 1887–1889 | Democratic | ||||||
Charles A. Russell | 1887–1902 | Republican | ||||||
Frederick Miles | 1889–1891 | Republican | ||||||
William E. Simonds | 1889–1891 | Republican | ||||||
Washington F. Willcox | 1889–1893 | Democratic | ||||||
Robert E. De Forest | 1889–1895 | Democratic | ||||||
Lewis Sperry | 1891–1895 | Democratic | ||||||
James P. Pigott | 1893–1895 | Democratic | ||||||
Nehemiah D. Sperry | 1895–1911 | Republican | ||||||
E. Stevens Henry | 1895–1913 | Republican | ||||||
Ebenezer J. Hill | 1895–1913 | Republican |
1700s
Historical Representation to the U.S. House by Party in the 1700s from Connecticut | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Total | |||
Pro-Admin | 10 | |||
Federalist | 10 | |||
Total Representatives | 20 |
Representatives to the U.S. House from Connecticut | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Years Served | Party | ||||||
Roger Sherman | 1789–1791 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Benjamin Huntington | 1789–1791 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Jonathan Sturges | 1789–1793 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. | 1789–1795 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Jeremiah Wadsworth | 1789–1795 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Amasa Learned | 1791–1795 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
James Hillhouse | 1791–1796 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Uriah Tracy | 1793–1796 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Zephariah Swift | 1793–1797 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Joshua Coit | 1793–1798 | Pro-Admin | ||||||
Nathaniel Smith | 1795–1799 | Federalist | ||||||
Chauncey Goodrich | 1795–1801 | Federalist | ||||||
Roger Griswold | 1795–1805 | Federalist | ||||||
James Davenport | 1796–1797 | Federalist | ||||||
John Allen | 1797–1799 | Federalist | ||||||
William Edmond | 1797–1801 | Federalist | ||||||
Samuel W. Dana | 1797–1810 | Federalist | ||||||
Jonathan Brace | 1798–1800 | Federalist | ||||||
Elizur Goodrich | 1799–1801 | Federalist | ||||||
John Davenport | 1799–1817 | Federalist |
District map
Footnotes
Senators
Representatives
District 1
John Larson (D)
District 2
Joe Courtney (D)
District 3
Rosa DeLauro (D)
District 4
Jim Himes (D)
District 5
Jahana Hayes (D)
Democratic Party (7)